PUBLICATIONS and WORKING PAPERS
Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Publications
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Entrepreneurial Dynamics and the Small Firm Effect, with Andres Hincapie and Mostafa Salari. Journal of Human Capital (forthcoming).
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Innovation and Diffusion of Medical Treatment, with Andres Hincapie, Robert Miller, and Nicholas Papageorge. International Economic Review, 62(3) 2021, 953-1009). [The HAART Movie!].
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Right Stuff? Personality and Entrepreneurship, with Nicholas Papageorge and Nidhi Pande. Quantitative Economics, 10 (2019) 643-691.
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The Small Firm Effect and the Entrepreneurial Spawning of Scientists and Engineers with Dan Elfenbein and Todd Zenger. Management Science, 56 (2010) 659-681. [TIMES INFORMS Best Paper Award for 2010].
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Does Entrepreneurship Pay? An Empirical Analysis of the Returns to Self-Employment. Journal of Political Economy, 108 (2000) 604-631.
Working Papers
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Is There a Bright Side to Nepotism? Family CEOs, Turnover, and Firm Performance, with Andres Hincapie, and Noah Lyman. (2024).
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Why Are There So Few Black Entrepreneurs?, with Andres Hincapie, Prasanthi Ramakrishnan, and Siddhartha Sanghi. (2022).
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Gender and Mentorship in Entrepreneurship, with Chuan Chen and Prasanthi Ramakrishnan. (2025).
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Complementarity in Innovation Strategy? Evidence from U.S. High Tech Startups, with Tanapon Janpen. (2015).
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Who are Angel Investors?, with Yoosef Ghahreman. (2015).
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Exploration & Self-Selection: Revisiting Roy, with Stephanie Heger. (submitted, 2022).
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Learning and the Inefficient Exit of Entrepreneurs, with Tanapon Janpen and Juan Pantano. (2013).
Health Economics
Publications
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Modeling to Inform Economy-Wide Pandemic Policy: Bringing Epidemiologists and Economists Together, with Michael Darden, David Dowdy, Lauren Gardner, Karen Kopecky, Melissa Marx, Nicholas Papageorge, Daniel Polsky, Kimberly Powers, Elizabeth Stuart, and Matthew Zahn. Health Economics 31 (2022) 1291-1295.
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Health, Human Capital and Domestic Violence, with Nicholas Papageorge, Gwyn Pauley, Mardge Cohen, Tracey Wilson, and Robert Pollak. Journal of Human Resources, 56 (2021) 997-1030.
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Health Care Access, Costs, and Treatment Dynamics: Evidence from in Vitro Fertilization, with Emily Jungheim, Brian McManus, and Juan Pantano. American Economic Review, 108(12) (2018) 3725-3777.
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in Vitro Fertilization Coverage and Chances of a Live Birth, with Emily Jungheim, Mallory Leung, George Macones, Randall Odem, and Lisa Pollack. Journal of the American Medical Association, 317 (2017) 1273-1275.
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Health, Risky Behavior and the Value of Medical Innovation for Infectious Disease, with Tat Chan and Nicholas Papageorge. Review of Economic Studies, 83 (2016) 1465-1510.
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Competition, Insurance, and Quality in the Market for Advanced Infertility Treatment, with Brian McManus. Health Economics, 21 (2012) 994-1016.
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The Gender Gap in NIH Grant Applications, with Timothy Ley. Science, 322 (2008) 1472-1474.
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Employee Choice of Flexible Spending Account Participation and Health Plan, with James Marton. Health Economics, 17 (2008) 793-813.
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Learning, Private Information and the Economic Evaluation of Randomized Experiments, with Tat Chan. Journal of Political Economy, 114 (2006) 997-1040 (lead article).
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New Information Technology Systems and a Bayesian Hierarchical Bivariate Probit Model for Profiling Surgeon Quality at a Large Hospital, with Bruce Hall. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 44 (2004) 410-429.
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Hospital Mergers and Acquisitions: Does Market Consolidation Harm Patients?, with Vivian Ho. Journal of Health Economics, 19 (2000) 767-791.
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Queuing for Surgery: Is the U.S. or Canada Worse Off?, with Vivian Ho and Dana Goldman. Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(2) (2000) 297-308.
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The Impact of the NHS Reforms on Queues and Surgical Outcomes in England: Evidence from Hip Fracture Patients, with Robert Edward Bramley-Harker. The Economic Journal, 109 (1999) 437-462.
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Alcohol and Earnings: Does Drinking Yield a Wage Premium?, with Vivian Hamilton. Canadian Journal of Economics, 30 (1997) 135-151.
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What Are the Costs of Queuing for Hip Fracture Surgery in Canada?, with Vivian Hamilton and Nancy Mayo. Journal of Health Economics, 15 (1996) 161-185.
Working Papers
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Medical Innovation and Health Disparities, with Andres Hincapie, Emma Kalish, and Nicholas Papageorge. NBER Working Paper 28864 (2021).
Personnel Economics & Strategic Management
Publications
Working Papers
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Insider CEOs: Lucky or Good?, with Andrew Capron, Andres Hincapie, and Noah Lyman. Working Paper (2025).
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Who Protests, What do They Protest, and Why?, with Erica Chenowith, Hedwig Lee, Nicholas Papageorge, Stephen Roll, and Matthew Zahn. NBER Working Paper 29987 (2022).
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Using Expectations Data to Infer Managerial Preferences, with Tat Chan. (2013).
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Aversion to Student Debt? Evidence from Low-Wage Workers, with Radha Gopalan, Jorge Sabat, and David Sovitch. Journal of Finance 79 (2024) 1249-1295.
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Equity and Labor Income: The Role of Constrained Mobility, with Radha Gopalan, Ankit Kalda, and David Sovich. Review of Financial Studies, 34 (2021) 4619-4662.
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State Minimum Wages, Employment, and Wage Spillovers: Evidence from Adminstrative Payroll Data, with Radha Gopalan, Ankit Kalda, and David Sovich. Journal of Labor Economics, 39 (2021) 673-707.
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Diversity and Productivity in Production Teams, with Jack Nickerson and Hideo Owan. Advances in Economic Analysis of Participatory and Labor-Managed Firms, Vol. 13, Takao Kato, ed. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. (2012).
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Team Incentives and Worker Heterogeneity: An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Teams on Productivity and Participation, with Jack Nickerson and Hideo Owan. Journal of Political Economy, 111 (2003) 465-497 (lead article).
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Activity Systems, Governance and Performance: Integrating Porter and Williamson in the Context of International Courier and Small Package Services in Japan, with Jack Nickerson and Tetsuo Wada. Strategic Management Journal, 22 (2001) 251-273.
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Estimating the Elderly’s Returns on the Farm: Evidence from the Cote D’Ivoire, with Franque Grimard. Journal of Development Economics, 58 (1999) 513-531.
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Racial Discrimination and Professional Basketball Salaries in the 1990s. Applied Economics, 29 (1997) 287-296. [Reprinted in The Economics of Sport, A. Zimbalist, ed., Edward Elgar Publishing, UK (2001).]
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Quits and Layoffs in Early Twentieth Century Labor Markets, with Mary MacKinnon. Explorations in Economic History, 33 (1996) 346-366.
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Long-Term Employment Relationships in Early Twentieth Century Labor Markets: Evidence From Personnel Data, with Mary MacKinnon. Labour Economics, 3 (1996) 357-384.
Econometrics
Publications
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Correcting for Endogeneity in Strategic Management Research, with Jack Nickerson. Strategic Organization, 1 (2003) 53-80.
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Semiparametric Bayes Analysis of Longitudinal Data Treatment Models, with Siddhartha Chib. Journal of Econometrics, 110 (2002) 67-89.
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Estimating Treatment Effects in Randomized Clinical Trials with NonCompliance: The Impact of Maternal Smoking on Birthweight. Health Economics, 10 (2001) 399-410.
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Bayesian Analysis of Cross-Section and Clustered Data Selection Models, with Siddhartha Chib. Journal of Econometrics, 97(1) (2000) 25-50.
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HMO Selection and Medicare Costs: Bayesian MCMC Estimation of a Robust Panel Data Tobit Model with Survival. Health Economics, 8 (1999) 403-414. [Reprinted in Innovations in Econometric Analysis of Health and Health Care, A. Jones and O. O’Donnell, eds., John Wiley & Sons, UK (2001).]
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Estimating the Surgical Volume-Outcomes Relationship Applying Survival Models Accounting for Patient Frailty and Hospital Fixed Effects, with Vivian Hamilton. Health Economics, 6 (1997) 383-396. [Reprinted in Innovations in Econometric Analysis of Health and Health Care, A. Jones and O. O’Donnell, eds., John Wiley & Sons, UK (2001).]
Healthcare Analytics & Public Health
Publications
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Using Alzheimer Disease Blood Tests to Accelerate Clinical Trial Enrollment, with Suzanne Schindler, Yan Li, Melody Li, Alyssa Despotis, Ethan Park, Liberty Vittert, Kyle Womack, Benjamin Saef, David Holtzman, John Morris, Randall Bateman, and Mahendra Gupta. Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 19 (2023) 1175-1183.
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Making Meaningful Use of Price Transparency Data: Describing Price Variation of Spine Surgery and Imaging in a Single System, with Michael Olufawo, Sophia Evans, Priscilla Stecher, Samuel Youkilis, Christopher Dibble, Jacob Greenberg, Wilson Ray, and Eric Leuthardt. Neurosurgery, 91 (2022) e88-e94.
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Factors Associated with Early in Vitro Fertilization Treatment Discontinuation, with Bronwyn Bedrick, Kelsey Anderson, Darcy Broughton, and Emily Jungheim. Fertility and Sterility, 112 (2019) 105-111.
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Use of Quantile Regression to Determine the Impact on Total Health Care Costs of Surgical Site Infections Following Common Ambulatory Procedures, with Victoria Fraser, Katelin Nickel, Margaret Olsen, Nandini Selvam, Fang Tian, Anna Wallace, and David Warren. Annals of Surgery, 265 (2017) 331-339.
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Profiling Individual Surgeon Performance Using Information from a High Quality Clinical Registry: Opportunities and Limitations, with Bruce Hall, Kristopher Huffman, Jennifer Paruch, Lynn Zhou, Karen Richards, Mark Cohen, and Clifford Ko. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 221 (2015) 901-913.
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The Importance of Assessing both Inpatient and Outpatient Surgical Quality, with Bruce Hall, Angela Ingraham, Clifford Ko, and Mehul Raval. Annals of Surgery, 253 (2011) 611-618.
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Improving American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Risk Adjustment: Incorporation of a Novel Procedure Risk Score, with Mark Cohen, Justin Dimick, Bruce Hall, Clifford Ko, Angela Ingraham, Nicholas Osborne, and Mehul Raval. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 211 (2010) 715-723.
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Inter-State Variations in Psychotropic Medication Use Among a National Sample of Children in the Child Welfare System, with Ramesh Raghavan, Gyanesh Lama, and Patricia Kohl. Child Maltreatment, 15 (2010) 121-131.
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Attributable Costs of Surgical Site Infection and Endometritis After Low Transverse Cesarean Delivery, with Margaret Olsen, Anne Butler, Denise Willers, Gilad Gross, and Victoria Fraser. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 31 (2010) 276-282.
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Missing Data in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) are not "Missing-at-Random": Implications and Potential Impact on Quality Assessments, with Clifford Ko, Karen Richards, and Bruce Hall. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 210 (2010) 125-139.
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Does Surgical Quality Improve in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, with Bruce Hall, Karen Richards, Karl Bilimoria, Mark Cohen, and Clifford Ko. Annals of Surgery, 250 (2009) 363-374.
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Time of Day Effects on Surgical Outcomes in the Private Sector: A Retrospective Cohort Study, with Rachel Kelz, Timothy Tran, Patrick Hosokawa, William Henderson, E Carter Paulson, Francis Spitz, and Bruce Hall. Journal of American College of Surgeons, 209 (2009) 434-445.
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Receipt of Mental Health Service Consistent with National Standards Among Children in the Child Welfare System, with Ramesh Raghavan, Megumi Inoue, Susan Ettner, and John Landsverk. American Journal of Public Health, 100 (2010) 742-749.
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The Impact of Surgeon Specialization on Patient Mortality: Examination of a Continuous Herfindahl Measure, with Bruce Hall, Esther Hsiao, Sarah Majercik, and Mitzi Herbe. Annals of Surgery, 249 (2009) 708-716.
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Thyroid and Parathyroid Operations in Veterans Affairs and Selected University Medical Centers: Results of the Patient Safety in Surgery Study, with Bruce Hall, Mitzi Hirbe, Yan Yan, Shukri Khuri, and William Henderson. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 204 (2007) 1222-1234.
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Impact of Isolated Clinical Performance Feedback on the Clinical Productivity of an Academic Surgical Facility, with E Scott Paxton, Vivian Boyd, and Bruce Hall. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 202 (2006) 737-745.
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Evaluating Individual Surgeons Based on Total Hospital Costs: Evidence for Variation in both Total Costs and Volatility of Costs, with Bruce Hall, Darrell Campbell, and Laurel Phillips. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 202 (2006) 565-576 (lead article).
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Impact of Resident Duty Hour Reform on Faculty Clinical Productivity, with Mary Klingensmith, Emily Winslow, and Bruce Hall. Current Surgery, 63 (2006) 74-79.
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Multiple Approaches to Assessing the Effects of Delays for Hip Fracture Patients in the U.S. and Canada, with Vivian Ho, and Leslie Roos. Health Services Research, 34 (2000) 1499- 1518.
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Does Practice Make Perfect? Examining the Relationship between Hospital Surgical Volume and Outcomes for Hip Fracture Patients in Canada, with Vivian Ho. Medical Care, 36 (1998) 892-903.